How To Make Discord Bots – Watch Now This tutorial has an associated video course created by the Real Python team. Watch with a written tutorial to deepen your understanding: How to create a Discord bot in Python
In a world where video games are very important to many people, communication and community about games is essential. Discord offers two of these and more in a designed package. In this tutorial, you’ll learn how to create a Discord bot in Python so you can get the most out of this great platform.
How To Make Discord Bots
Gamers, streamers, and developers use Discord to discuss games, answer questions, chat while playing, and more. There’s even a game store with critical reviews and a subscription service. Almost a one stop shop for gaming communities.
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While there are many things you can build using Discord’s APIs, this tutorial will focus on one specific learning outcome: how to create a Discord bot in Python.
Discord is growing in popularity. That’s why automated processes like banning inappropriate users and responding to user requests are essential for a community to thrive and grow.
Automated programs that look and act like users and automatically respond to events and commands in Discord are called bot users. Discord bot users (or just bots) have almost unlimited apps.
For example, let’s say you manage a new Discord guild and a user joins for the first time. You can reach that user in an exciting and personal way and invite them to your community. You can also tell them about your channels or ask them to introduce themselves.
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The user feels welcome and enjoys the discussions held in your guild and invites his friends in return.
Over time, your community has grown so much that it is no longer possible to reach each new member in person, but you still want to send them something to introduce them as a new member of the guild.
With a bot you can automatically respond to a new member who joins your guild. You can even customize its behavior based on context and control how it interacts with each new user.
This is great, but just a small example of how a bot can be useful. Once you know how to create bots, there are many opportunities for you to be creative with bots.
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Note: Although Discord allows you to create bots that engage in voice communication, this article will remain on the text side of the service.
Before you dive into any Python code to handle events and create exciting automations, you need to create some Discord components:
Once you’ve created all of these components, tie them together by registering your bot in your guild.
The first thing you’ll see is a landing page where you need to log in or create a new account if you have an existing account:
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The application can be used by providing authentication tokens, setting permissions, etc.
Note that any program that interacts with the Discord APIs requires a Discord app, not just bots. The bot-related APIs are only a subset of Discord’s overall interface.
As you learned in the previous sections, a bot user is someone who listens and automatically responds to certain events and commands in Discord.
You need to create a bot user for your code to actually appear on Discord. To do this select
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After you confirm that you want to add the bot to your application, you will see the new bot user in the portal:
Note that by default, your bot user will inherit your app name. Instead, update the username to something more bot-like, eg
Not useful if a bot user does not interact with other users. Next, you’ll create a guild so your bot can interact with other users.
A guild (or server as it is commonly called in the Discord UI) is a specific group of channels where users gather to chat.
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Note: While guild and server can be used interchangeably, this article will primarily use the term guild because the APIs stick to the same term. The term server will only be used when referring to a guild in the GUI.
For example, let’s say you want to create a space where users can meet and talk about your latest game. Start by creating a guild. So you can have multiple channels in your guild, for example:
From this home page you can view and add your friends, direct messages and guilds. hence,
Once you’re done creating your guild, you’ll see users on the right and channels on the left:
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A bot cannot accept orders like a normal user can. Instead you will add your bot using the OAuth2 protocol.
Technical Detail: OAuth2 is an authorization protocol by which a service can grant limited access to a client application based on the application’s credentials and allowed scopes.
To do this, return to the developer portal and select the OAuth2 page from the left navigation pane:
This tool creates an authorization URL that reaches Discord’s OAuth2 API and allows access to the API using your app’s credentials.
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In this case, you’ll want to grant your app’s bot user access to the Discord APIs using your app’s OAuth2 credentials.
For the purposes of this tutorial, you should be as detailed as possible when granting permissions in a real-world application.
Paste it into your browser next to the URL generated for you and select your guild from the drop down options:
Note: You may receive a reCAPTCHA before proceeding. If so, you’ll have to prove you’re human.
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Now you know how to create a Discord bot using the developer portal. Then comes the fun stuff: implementing your bot in Python!
Discord.py is a Python library that comprehensively implements the Discord APIs in an efficient and Pythonic way. This includes using Python’s Async IO implementation.
He contacted Discord and finished preparing the data that Discord sent, such as login status, guild data and channels and more.
When working with secrets like your Discord token, it’s a good idea to read it from an environment variable into your program. Using environment variables helps you:
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File on all machines that will run this code. It’s not only easier because you won’t have to
Your token every time you clear your shell, but it also protects you from hiding your secrets in your shell history.
For example, let’s say you want to type in the console the name and ID of the guild where you registered your bot user.
Created the connection and prepared the data. That is, you can rely on the guild data available inside.
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Note: Although you are pretty sure at this point in the guide your bot is only identified with one guild (ie.
Big! You can see your bot name, your server name and server ID number.
Other interesting data you can get from a guild is the list of users who are members of the guild:
, took the names of all the guild members and printed them with a patterned string.
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When you run the program, you should see at least the account name you created the guild with and the bot username:
These examples barely scratch the surface of the APIs available in Discord, be sure to check out their documentation to see all they have to offer.
Let’s look again at the example from the last section where you printed the name and ID of the bot’s guild:
Takes a function called a predicate that describes some properties of the element in the iteration you’re looking for. Here you used a specific type of anonymous function called lambda as the predicate.
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In this case, you are trying to find the guild with the same name as the one you saved in the folder.
If it finds an element that satisfies the predicate in the iteration, it returns the element. This is essentially equivalent to:
Is iterable and takes several keyword arguments. The keyword arguments represent the attributes of the elements in the iteration that must all be present.
Now that you’ve learned the basics of interacting with APIs, dig a little deeper into the function you use to access them:
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Is an event. In fact, you may have noticed that this is how it is defined in the code.
An event is something that happens in Discord that you can use to trigger a response in your code. Your code will listen for events and then respond to events.
There is no difference between the two styles of event implementation, but this tutorial will mostly use the decorator version because it looks similar to how you would implement it.
Technical detail: No matter how you implement your event handler, one thing must be consistent: all event handlers inside
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Now that you’ve learned how to create an event handler, let’s explore some different examples of handlers you can create.
Earlier, you saw the example of responding to an event where a member joined a guild. In that example,