Entrepreneurial Business And Economics Review – We examine which factors influence the entrepreneurship gender gap using evidence from the Argentine CBMS and the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition. The dataset allows for the creation of an array of personality variables (risk aversion, social aversion, withdrawal, desire for flexibility, and effort aversion) that are not usually present in standard family studies. In addition, we can measure current entrepreneurial activity and past failures. Once the new personality variables were taken into account, we found that the small gap between women and men was fully explained, leaving no evidence of discrimination at baseline. However, females have a higher failure rate that cannot be explained by observed individual characteristics. Consequently, it is not the gender gap in start-ups that explains the current gap in entrepreneurship.
Impact of Remittances on Human Resource Development, Employment and Youth Entrepreneurship: Evidence from Philippine CBMS Data
Entrepreneurial Business And Economics Review
International migration is a significant way for many Filipinos to take advantage of intergenerational differences in purchasing power, sending remittances home, and increasing household incomes. However, migration has a stigma that interferes with children’s educational outcomes, and remittances have been noted to create dependency among the working-age population. This study assesses the impact of remittances on human resource development, employment and entrepreneurial outcomes, and the impact of remittances on young Filipino youth, individuals aged fifteen to thirty, using CBMS data from selected De La Salle school communities. I used instrumental variable multinomial logistic regression to examine the impact of remittances on human resource development outcomes, that is, whether a youth worked, studied, or neither. Finish your studies instead of being employed or unemployed. It is proof against the stigma that remittances lead to bias or laziness. I used the same empirical strategy to examine the impact of remittances on employment outcomes if a youth worked in a private household, public/private firm, self-employed, family business, or not. I find that they are more likely to work for a private family or public/private company than self-employed, which can be depressing for entrepreneurs. I calculate the average treatment effect of remittances (ATT) on households’ propensity to engage in entrepreneurial activity and find that remittances have little or (sometimes negative) effects on the likelihood of households and individuals engaging in self-employment. . Overall, although the impact of remittances is less than positive on employment and entrepreneurship, it encourages the accumulation of human capital.
Seisense Business Review
Data from the Bureau of Labor and Employment survey on youth employment reveal that Filipino youth dominate entrepreneurial activity in the country. The Nation Building Act of 1994 (RA 8044) defines youth as individuals between the ages of 15 and 30. Unfortunately, young people also experience the highest unemployment rates, with 49 percent of the unemployed between the ages of 15 and 24. The government encourages youth to enter the world of business to immediately address youth unemployment. Two government programs, particularly of the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE), which aim to reduce the number of unemployed and respond to the labor education needs of the youth, are the Youth Education-Youth Employment (YE-YE) Program and the Youth Entrepreneurship Support Program (YEM). By applying the propensity score matching (PSM) method to Community-Based Monitoring System (CBMS) data, the study focused on assessing the impact of government programs such as the YE-YE and YES programs on improving the well-being of Filipino youth. The results show that youth who enroll in one or two entrepreneurship programs have higher incomes and earn about three thousand pesos and two thousand pesos per year, respectively. Despite these positive results, only a small proportion of young people take advantage of government-sponsored training and education programs. Therefore, there is a need to promote entrepreneurship programs among the youth and monitor their progress and continue to support their efforts to sustain entrepreneurial ventures.
More than half of the Philippines’ unemployed sector is made up of youth. This underscores the need to identify and develop policy frameworks that facilitate employment and entrepreneurship among young Filipinos. Using the Community-Based Monitoring System (CBMS) survey of accelerated poverty profiling in De La Salle Philippines member schools, we estimate a multivariate logistic regression that highlights how demographic characteristics and educational attainment affect youth employment or entrepreneurship potential. Our results provide policy makers with a framework for program design and implementation of targeted policies to support youth employment and youth entrepreneurship initiatives.
Access to debt financing can be explained by the borrower’s ability to repay. The idea is that the better the borrower’s ability to pay, the wider the options for debt financing and securing bank capital. As a derivative function of the borrower’s personal and business characteristics, credit risk factors include household type, education, share of income, total sales and total expenditures, business and unemployment, and economic capabilities. Using Community Based Monitoring (CBMS) data, a three-step method has been implemented. The regression results show that business capital is positively affected by the total sales and total expenditures of the entrepreneur’s household and the presence of pregnant women in the household. Meanwhile, the possibility of accessing a bank loan is based on the borrower’s collateral, so if the borrower owns equipment, owns commercial property and demonstrates the ability to pay through rental payments, and if a disabled person lives at home, the chances of finding bank resources are better than those without capital. Access to credit financing increases total sales performance, total household income, and business assets of entrepreneurs. Therefore, this paper calls for an examination of alternative sources of guarantees and collateral for credit financing for micro and small medium enterprises (MSMEs); Improving resource management and risk management skills at the household level and championing the need for reliable sources of information for MSMEs especially through credit transfer bureaus or comprehensive database centres.
In Togo, the informal sector accounts for 84% of the workforce with an annual growth rate of 5%. Despite the importance of informal sector workers in Togo’s productive activities, they do not benefit from social protection. To overcome this situation, Act no. 2011-006 was adopted by the National Assembly of Togo in 2011 to provide social protection for informal sector workers. However, this has not been implemented, meaning they are not yet covered by social security. This paper attempts to assess the wage preference (WTP) of informal workers to access social security services provided by the National Social Security Fund (CNSS) and to analyze the determinants of WTP. Data were obtained from a representative cross-sectional household survey covering 7,346 households in rural and urban CBMS locations in Togo. We use the contingency valuation (CV) method to estimate WTP. Logistic regression was used to analyze the determinants of WTP. The results show that 84.5% of the jobs in the studied area are informal jobs. Majority of women are engaged in informal jobs at 88.7% in urban areas and 94.2% in rural areas. Additionally, it is noteworthy that 90.9% of informal sector workers are willing to subscribe to social security services. While many are willing, 49.8% indicated that they would only be interested if it was less than USD 2.55 per month. Also, it was observed that men were willing to pay more donations than women. Also, more than half of the informal sector workers are interested in getting occupational disease insurance, while 81.9% are interested in getting work accident insurance. Meanwhile, logit regression was used to assess the relationship between individual PAPs and explanatory variables that included income, household size, age, education, gender, location, and health status. Overall, the results show that income and education are important determinants of household WTP.
Annex E Bibliography
In the Angelo King Institute’s annual report on monitoring the Philippine economy, the Philippines outpaced other Asian economies in its growth rate in 2014. Against this backdrop, it is interesting to see whether different sectors benefit from this growth, especially the informal sector, which comprises the majority of the poor who are self-employed and increasingly work in the service sector. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of social security, specifically Social Health Insurance Schemes (known as Asuransi Philhealth) and Micro Savings Schemes (known as AlkanSSSya) on the informal sector, particularly the poor and the self-employed. At the end of 2014, the total benefits across all sectors were PhP78.2 billion (PhP19.2 billion for the informal sector). Because the government spends