How To Make Twitter Bots – The tutorial is based on the LACUNY Emerging Technologies Committee’s “Building Your Twitter Bot” in December 2015, which was released as an introduction to Python programming.
Note from the editor: excited for our inaugural Blueprints post, “Making a Twitter Bot in Python: Iterative Code Examples” by Robin Camille Davis and Mark Eaton. Our Blueprints section aims to show recipes or (innovative) standard recipe applications for digital learning and research that can be shared between teachers and researchers. We hope you find this tutorial informative and inspiring, and we encourage you to submit your project!
How To Make Twitter Bots
Twitter bots all over Twitter to make us laugh, be annoying, and sometimes throw up deep truths. These robots become artists and actors, scholars and spammers. And as it turns out, building a Twitter bot is a fun and productive way to introduce yourself to basic Python programming. We’ve provided five sample scripts that work with small parishes, along with instructions and tips for customizing the scripts.
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He built this tutorial on the LACUNY Emerging Technologies Committee’s “Build Your Own Twitter Bot” in December 2015, which was a gentle introduction to Python programming. Below, we will provide some insights and examples from this workshop.
If you build a car, it is useful, although not strictly necessary, to create a Twitter account dedicated only to your car. You can run your car under an existing account, such as your personal Twitter login, although this depends on the make of your car. You probably don’t want your followers to see the test tweets you send.
You will need to register your bot account on apps.twitter.com, and you will need a mobile phone user account. Authentication allows you to have the Twitter API keys for your car, which effectively acts as a token for the Twitter API. The Twitter API is an “Application Programming Interface” that allows your application (bot) to programmatically interact with Twitter and exchange data with Twitter. The API allows you to create useful programs that extend Twitter’s existing functionality. In the examples below, your bot API will use tweets. When you register a Twitter “app” (your bot), API keys are created. These can be found in the “Access Keys and Credentials” tab of your app page:
You also need to generate Access Thochen and Access Thochen Secret by clicking “Generate My Access Thochen and Thochen Secret”. Keep these keys and pledges; it will work for a bot.
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Once you have your keys and tokens, download the script from GitHub. These are almost immediately after the smallest setting. Setup would be a little more complicated if using a Windows computer; Below are some tips for Windows users.
Paste the keys and tokens into the document file, in the locations indicated with the locators XXXXXXX (see code below). These credentials are used by each automated model when communicating with the Twitter API.
The preceding code is presented for illustrative purposes only. Use the scripts you downloaded and edit them on your computer. Set up the code for the credential.py (Davis and Eton 2015) environment
To get started, you need a free, clean environment for Python; and Pip, the Python Package Manager (which we will use to install the two code libraries). For most Linux and Mac users, this thing may already be there.
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Open a command line, also called “Terminal” on a Mac computer. This blank window should appear with the user name, computer name and password. If you’re using Windows and don’t have a command line interface on your machine, you can get one by installing cygwin or git bash. You also need to buy your variable route. These steps are outside the scope of this tutorial. Alternatively, there is some Python available at the DOS prompt, which is discussed here.
Any version of Python starting from 2.7 or 3 for auto will work in this tutorial. If Python is not installed on your machine, download it here:
Pip is needed to install some files in the newer scripts. Pip should already be installed if you have Python 2.7.9+ or Python 3.4+.
Tweepy allows you to use the Twitter API through Python. It depends on the setuptools library to work correctly.
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The urllib2 and json libraries should be included by default, but to check them out, type the following:
If you get a permissions error when installing these libraries, put sudo before slime (for example, sudo slime to install tweepy). This will work if you have privileges on your machine; sudo ignores the permissions it controls, so use it carefully.
Now you are ready to build robots! The bot below demonstrates each line of Python and the Twitter API. All working robots. We present them in order of complexity, from the simplest to the most complex. You can run these robots to your heart’s content or modify them!
The preceding code is presented for illustrative purposes only. Use the scripts you downloaded and edit them on your computer. Code for mybot.py (Davis and Eaton 2016)
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Select Run > Run Module from the menu bar to run the bot. Other Python scripts that follow can be opened and run in the same way.
The bot sends out three tweets at regular intervals. These tweets are prefigured by “strings”. Strings in Python are enclosed in single or double commas. In this case, the strings are specified as “list” – designated by square brackets in Python – and this list is assigned to the tweetlist variable;
Changing the strings will change what the bot tweets. the list of strings could of course be increased, changed or decreased. However, I often run this script without changing the error message, as the Twitter API does not allow the same tweets to be stored. Try changing the strings to Tweet what you want!
If you’re confused by error messages that we don’t mention here, copy and paste them into the Google search box. It is very possible that someone has posted the question on Stack Overflow or a similar forum.
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The preceding code is presented for illustrative purposes only. Use the scripts you downloaded and edit them on your computer. Code for mybot2.py (Davis and Eaton 2016)
The second bot, mybot2.py, expands on the first bot, pulling tweets line by line from a text file. In this case, a new Mark Twain is loaded into the variable named name using this code (line 24);
Indicates that this file has been read. This example usefully demonstrates how Python can use data from external sources, in this case a text file. These bots can easily be changed by selecting another text file, such as a book or poem from Project Gutenberg or another source. By removing the preceding text, double line breaks and header information are required for best results.
The cut lines that follow are created at each iteration of the loop. Indentation and whitespace are very important in Python; this will work for the band as expected observing this cut.
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Is a variable that contains the text. The text is stored in a list of sentences, similar to the previous one.
Means that the band will start at the beginning of the text and end at the fifth line. In Python this is called “slicing”. You can read about the division here (the piece is roughly split in half).
In one interesting use of this vehicle, Jill Cirasella (CUNY Graduate Center), modified the carpet of a recent institutional transportation repository to use its robots to tweet between features and links.
The preceding code is presented for illustrative purposes only. Use the scripts you downloaded and edit them on your computer. Code for mashup_madlib.py (Davis and Eaton 2016)
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A third bot, mashup_madlib.py, produces a mad poem by William Carlos Williams, randomly extracted from a JSON body-of-words index written by prolific author Dario Kazemi. This robot also throws in other cool parts of Python, like random number generation, loops, and inserting text strings into variables.
The variations on this bot produce arguably some of the funniest auto tweets we’ve ever tried. Try to rewrite the poem or change it to different words from the JSON body. For example, you could use this Greek monster in a list instead of an item list
If you select a list from Kazemi’s JSON bodies, you need to use that raw JSON body. To find the raw JSON, click the “raw” button on the Github page for that body. Use the URL for the raw page. This URL will start
One: You must specify the index name as it appears in the raw JSON file. For example: list name (‘greek_monsters’)