What Are The Different Kinds Of Cancer – Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide in middle-aged adults. However, according to a study recently published in the medical journal The Lancet, cancer mortality is increasing in high-income countries. Researchers have calculated that cancer kills twice as many people as cardiovascular disease in developed countries. Cancer could become the leading cause of death globally in just a few decades, says a study.
As our infographic shows, based on data from the American Cancer Society, the most commonly diagnosed types of cancer are breast cancer in women and prostate cancer in men. In 2022, breast cancer will account for more than 30 percent of all new cancer diagnoses in women. That number is slightly lower than 27.3 percent for prostate cancer in men. US men get lung cancer—the second most common cancer in both sexes—slightly less often than women. They are often diagnosed with colon and rectal cancer. While bladder cancer is more common in men, uterine cancer accounts for 8.6 percent of cancer diagnoses in women. In the United States, the rate of skin melanoma is about 25 percent higher in men than in women.
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This chart shows the most common new cancer diagnoses projected in the U.S. for 2022, by gender and type.
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Yes, it allows easy integration of many infographics on other websites. Simply copy the HTML code shown for the relevant figures to integrate it. Our standard is 660 pixels, but you can adjust the way statistics are displayed to suit your site by setting the width and display size. Note that the code must be integrated into HTML code (not just text) for WordPress and other CMS sites. In a new study, an experimental blood test identified types for which screening tests are recommended and other types for which no screening tests exist.
In the first study of its kind, a blood test combined with imaging tests detected tumors — some at an early stage — in women with no history or no symptoms.
A blood test identified breast, lung, and colorectal diseases for which screening tests are recommended. However, he also identified seven other types for which there are no screening tests.
Researchers led by Dr. Nicholas Papadopoulos of the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine designed the study to see if such a blood test could be used to detect S before symptoms develop. They also wanted to ensure that the testing process did not cause participants distress or lead to too many unnecessary diagnostic procedures.
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The study was not designed to determine whether identification and treatment of those identified by the test reduced the number of deaths among the participants.
Although counterintuitive, early research doesn’t necessarily reduce the chance of dying from diabetes, explained David Ransohoff, MD, of the UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Center, who was not involved in the study. Some screenings can actually do more harm than good, Dr. Ransohoff.
Such potential harms may include identifying diseases at a very early stage that will not affect a person in their lifetime, a phenomenon known as overdiagnosis, or that may lead to unnecessary invasive procedures or treatments. are – called overtreatment.
In the study, 26S was detected in nearly 10,000 study participants using a blood test combined with standard imaging procedures. The test also produced some false positives, mistakenly indicating that some women had it when other tests showed they did not.
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However, only 38 women who received false-positive test results had additional follow-up tests after initial imaging, and most of these women had noninvasive or minimally invasive testing.
A larger study that specifically examines whether such tests can reduce mortality is needed before the test can be adopted as a routine screening approach, said Sudhir Srivastava, Ph.D., MPH, of the NCI’s Division of Prevention. , told
“But this is a ground-breaking study in terms of concept, design and application. It probably shows [how] screening will play out in the future,” he said.
All tumors, no matter how small, maintain contact with the blood stream to attract the necessary nutrients. This transmission is bidirectional, with proteins and genetic material being diffused from the tumor into the bloodstream.
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Researchers are taking advantage of this spillover of tumors into the bloodstream by developing so-called liquid biopsies. These tests can use blood (or other body fluids) to non-invasively detect or diagnose the condition of the person being treated.
And “screening [of these tests] is at the top of the heap in terms of potential impact. This is also the biggest challenge,” said Dr. in the AACR meeting. David Huntsman of the University of British Columbia in Vancouver. “Screening requires high sensitivity and almost perfect specificity.” This means that the screening test must be very good at determining whether it is present. And it shouldn’t identify people as holding it even if they don’t.
Dr. Papadopoulos and his colleagues have been developing their test, called SEEK, for more than a decade. The variant used in the study detects changes in 16 genes associated with segments of tumor DNA circulating in the bloodstream. It also measures the concentration of nine proteins in the blood, which some species overproduce. In 2018, the team published the results of a study where another version of the test correctly identified the majority of women with endometriosis and a third of women with ovaries.
However, it was already known that the women included in this study were Such symptoms are likely to be larger, more advanced and easier to detect with blood tests than the undetected early stages, Dr. Papadopoulos.
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To see if SEEK could find small, previously undetected s, the researchers enrolled 10,006 women aged 65 to 75 in their study, called DETECT-A. They included only women to increase the chance of developing ovarian cysts, which are often not detected until they are already at an advanced stage and for which there is no approved screening test.
Several measures were taken to reduce the number of women experiencing stress or potentially unnecessary diagnostic procedures during the trial.
For example, women were told when they entered the trial that they could be randomly contacted for a second blood test regardless of their initial results. This reduced the likelihood of dreading a return call to confirm a positive result on the first test. Genetic counselors were available to participants at all stages of the trial, and women were strongly encouraged to undergo standard screening tests as recommended during the follow-up period.
If a woman’s initial blood test showed high levels of either gene or protein, she was called back for another test. If the second test was positive and if other medical conditions could not explain the test results, they were referred for a whole-body PET-CT scan. Only participants with a suspicious PET-CT imaging result were referred to an oncologist for further diagnostic investigations.
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Of the 10,006 women in the study, 26 eventually received a diagnosis that was first discovered through a blood test.
Of these 26, 14 were in organs such as the ovaries, kidneys and lymphatic system for which there are no approved screening tests. Nine of these were Ss that had not yet expanded from their original location.
Such s “are more likely to be successfully treated,” than those that have already spread widely, Dr. Papadopoulos.
During the trial, 24 additional blood tests not identified by the blood test were detected by standard screening: 20 breast, 3 lung, and 1 colorectal. Of the 24 s, 22 s were in the initial phase.
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In addition, 46 women in the study received a diagnosis that was not detected by a blood test or standard screening. Most of these 46 diagnoses occurred after the woman reported symptoms.
“So, can such a [blood] test be done safely without triggering a large number of useless, invasive follow-up tests based on the test results? Yes,” said Dr. Papadopoulos.
Another presentation during the same session at AACR highlighted an additional liquid biopsy test in development that successfully detected people who had already been tested for suspicion.
“Both studies have shown that we are moving in the right direction. But we are not there,” Dr. the hunter Those tests must prove that they reduce the chance of death “to a point where we can accept those tests.”
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The SEEK team is planning a larger study with the goal of obtaining FDA approval, Dr. Papadopoulos. This study will be similar in design to DETECT-A, but will include a wider range of men and age groups. It will also use an updated version of the SEEK test.
However, FDA approval would be only the first step for such a test, noted Dr. Ransohoff. “The high bar will be determined by the US Preventive Services Task Force and the Centers for … payers such as Medicare and Medicaid.
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